Adjetivos ''sound, well-functioning and transparent''
Na frase "For a successful project, it is important that there are sound, well-functioning and transparent legal and regulatory institutions, fiscal and financial frameworks, supportive and credible institutional processes...", os adjetivos "sound, well-functioning and transparent" estão qualificando apenas "institutions" ou também qualificam "frameworks" and "processes"?
TESTE DE NÍVEL
4 respostas
Ordenar por: Data
I think all of these words are referring to the “Successful project”
It is important that there are sound, well-functioning and transparent legal and legal regulatory institutions.
It's my thinking, the institutions must be legal and regulatory (the author made them go along with "institutions" for a reason). When not "regulatory" we can think of "unrestrictive", "non-regulated/nonregulatory", uncontrolled, or even "regulated institutions" (the ones under the regulatory supervision).
"Institutions" would cover all that, it would be all-encompassing.
Of course, all institutions need transparency and all, but the author meant to specify them.
So, "well-functioning and transparent" qualifies "legal and regulatory institutions".
Now the next thing to notice.
There is a list of preconditions a project needs to meet to be successful, it comes after the "it's important that there are":
- sound, well-functioning and transparent, legal and regulatory institutions,
- fiscal and financial frameworks,
- supportive and credible institutional processes...",
The adjectives attribute qualities or describe the words that are closer to them. In this case, the commas are an indication of a list (of necessary conditions).
T comma
Os adjetivos "sound, well-functioning and transparent" estão qualificando apenas "institutions" ou também qualificam "frameworks" and "processes"?
I hope this helps, ans lets wait for additional information or insights.
It's my thinking, the institutions must be legal and regulatory (the author made them go along with "institutions" for a reason). When not "regulatory" we can think of "unrestrictive", "non-regulated/nonregulatory", uncontrolled, or even "regulated institutions" (the ones under the regulatory supervision).
"Institutions" would cover all that, it would be all-encompassing.
Of course, all institutions need transparency and all, but the author meant to specify them.
So, "well-functioning and transparent" qualifies "legal and regulatory institutions".
Now the next thing to notice.
There is a list of preconditions a project needs to meet to be successful, it comes after the "it's important that there are":
- sound, well-functioning and transparent, legal and regulatory institutions,
- fiscal and financial frameworks,
- supportive and credible institutional processes...",
The adjectives attribute qualities or describe the words that are closer to them. In this case, the commas are an indication of a list (of necessary conditions).
T comma
Os adjetivos "sound, well-functioning and transparent" estão qualificando apenas "institutions" ou também qualificam "frameworks" and "processes"?
I hope this helps, ans lets wait for additional information or insights.
Clarissa, eles qualificam apenas INSTITUTIONS! No final do dia, todos os adjetivos deste texto subqualificam apenas um substantivo (PROJECT), como já mencionado acima pelo Marcio. Mas o que mais me chamou a atenção neste extrato, foi a quantidade absurda de adjetivos que o autor usou nisto, que parece ser apenas parte de um parágrafo. Eu contei onze (11) no total, se considerarmos o adjetivo composto como sendo um (1)... WORDY & WIERDO hehehe.
Actually the text is part of a document (a booklet) that can be found/download at the OECD site.
Sometimes authorities or those acquainted with academic texts use a stilted language, almost to the point of pompous.
Another thing I notice is the verbose sentences in which they made heavy use of commas. Commas are to resolve ambiguity, those ones led to them!
Of course, a comment from a learner standpoint here, because I know it was a text using ESP (English for specific purposes).
Sometimes authorities or those acquainted with academic texts use a stilted language, almost to the point of pompous.
Another thing I notice is the verbose sentences in which they made heavy use of commas. Commas are to resolve ambiguity, those ones led to them!
Of course, a comment from a learner standpoint here, because I know it was a text using ESP (English for specific purposes).