O que são Causative Verbs?
- Tom_DeLonge
- Membro desde: 17 Jan 2013, 23:17
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Gente, minha professora falou sobre isso hoje, porém não entendi nada sobre a explicação dela. Se vocês pudessem me explicar melhor, o que são causative verbs, quais verbs fazem parte dos causative verbs, quais são suas estruturas, como usá-los, etc, eu ficaria muito grato mesmo, porque não entendi nada.
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- jackmorais
- Localização: Belo Horizonte
- Membro desde: 26 Nov 2009, 22:38
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CAUSATIVE FORM
The causative is a common structure in English. It is used when one thing or person causes another thing or person to do something.
Basic causative structures
There are two basic causative structures. One is like an active, and the other is like a passive. These examples use the causative verb "have":
Active
I had John fix the car.
(I arranged for the car to be fixed by John — I caused him to fix it.)
Passive
I had the car fixed.
(I arranged for the car to be fixed by someone. We don't know who, so this is like a passive.)
The active causative structure
Especially in American English, we use this basic structure of the active form, the agent (a person or something) - does the action. Some examples:
Subject + Have + Person + Bare infinitive
Susan had her brother do her homework.
The police had the suspect stop his car.
We had the carpenter fix our window.
The passive causative structure
In the passive form, there is usually no agent or the subject does the action or the action happens without the consent or the knowledge of the subject. The action verb is in the past participle, and the object comes before it:
Subject + Have + Object + Past Participle
We had our door fixed.
Yukiko had her hair cut.
Sanjay had the windows cleaned.
Get is possible instead of have, usually in informal spoken English.
“Susan got her brother do her homework.”
“We get our door fixed.”
You must pay attention to the tense you are in, as this influences the tense of the sentence you're writing with the causative form.
ACTIVE : Subject + Have + Person + Bare Infinitive
Present Simple: Bob washes her hair. She has Bob wash her hair.
Pres. Cont.: Bob is washing her hair. She is having Bob wash her hair.
Past Simple: Bob washed her hair. She had Bob wash her hair.
Past Cont.: Bob was washing her hair. She was having Bob wash her hair.
Future Simple: Bob will wash her hair. She will have Bob wash her hair.
Present Perfect: Bob has washed her hair. She has had Bob wash her hair.
Pres. Perf. Cont.: Bob has been washing her hair. She has been having Bob was her hair.
Infinitive: Bob must wash her hair. She must have Bob wash her hair.
PASSIVE: Subject + Have + Object + Past Participle
Present Simple: She washes her hair. She has her hair washed.
Pres. Cont.: She is washing her hair. She is having her hair washed.
Past Simple: She washed her hair. She had her hair washed.
Past Cont.: She was washing her hair. She was having her hair washed.
Future Simple: She will wash her hair. She will have her hair washed.
Present Perfect: She has washed her hair. She has had her hair washed.
Pres. Perf. Cont.: She has been washing her hair. She has been having her hair washed.
Infinitive: She must wash her hair. She must have her hair washed.
The causative is a common structure in English. It is used when one thing or person causes another thing or person to do something.
Basic causative structures
There are two basic causative structures. One is like an active, and the other is like a passive. These examples use the causative verb "have":
Active
I had John fix the car.
(I arranged for the car to be fixed by John — I caused him to fix it.)
Passive
I had the car fixed.
(I arranged for the car to be fixed by someone. We don't know who, so this is like a passive.)
The active causative structure
Especially in American English, we use this basic structure of the active form, the agent (a person or something) - does the action. Some examples:
Subject + Have + Person + Bare infinitive
Susan had her brother do her homework.
The police had the suspect stop his car.
We had the carpenter fix our window.
The passive causative structure
In the passive form, there is usually no agent or the subject does the action or the action happens without the consent or the knowledge of the subject. The action verb is in the past participle, and the object comes before it:
Subject + Have + Object + Past Participle
We had our door fixed.
Yukiko had her hair cut.
Sanjay had the windows cleaned.
Get is possible instead of have, usually in informal spoken English.
“Susan got her brother do her homework.”
“We get our door fixed.”
You must pay attention to the tense you are in, as this influences the tense of the sentence you're writing with the causative form.
ACTIVE : Subject + Have + Person + Bare Infinitive
Present Simple: Bob washes her hair. She has Bob wash her hair.
Pres. Cont.: Bob is washing her hair. She is having Bob wash her hair.
Past Simple: Bob washed her hair. She had Bob wash her hair.
Past Cont.: Bob was washing her hair. She was having Bob wash her hair.
Future Simple: Bob will wash her hair. She will have Bob wash her hair.
Present Perfect: Bob has washed her hair. She has had Bob wash her hair.
Pres. Perf. Cont.: Bob has been washing her hair. She has been having Bob was her hair.
Infinitive: Bob must wash her hair. She must have Bob wash her hair.
PASSIVE: Subject + Have + Object + Past Participle
Present Simple: She washes her hair. She has her hair washed.
Pres. Cont.: She is washing her hair. She is having her hair washed.
Past Simple: She washed her hair. She had her hair washed.
Past Cont.: She was washing her hair. She was having her hair washed.
Future Simple: She will wash her hair. She will have her hair washed.
Present Perfect: She has washed her hair. She has had her hair washed.
Pres. Perf. Cont.: She has been washing her hair. She has been having her hair washed.
Infinitive: She must wash her hair. She must have her hair washed.
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