Bump - Tradução em português

O que significa bump nesse contexto e também essas outros palavras em negrito

Do you remember from last week's show that consonants often have voiced and unvoiced pairs? The d sound and t sound is another pair. Before we talk about how to correctly create the English version of these sounds, I want you to play with the inside of your mouth with your tongue. Don't feel silly, nobody can actually see you doing this. Notice that right behind your upper teeth, you have a hard, bony, bump. That bump was necessary for creating the friction of our th sounds last week. Then that bump rises and there is a slope up to the roof of your mouth, which is also hard and bumpy. Then, if you place the tip of your tongue all the way to the back of your mouth, you feel some soft tissue. We will keep coming back to these three places at the top of your mouth. I will call them the tooth ridge, that's that bump at the front, the roof of the mouth, that's the hard bony part in the middle, and the soft palate, that's the soft part at the back of your mouth.