Bowing (2) - Tradução em português

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Bowing in Europe

In European cultures — aside from bows done by performers on stage such as at the curtain call — bowing is traditionally an exclusively male practice, and females instead perform a related gesture called a "curtsey" or "curtsy." The depth of the bow was related to the difference in rank or degree of respect or gratitude. In Early Modern European courtly circles, males were expected to "bow and scrape" (hence the term "bowing and scraping" for what appears to be excessive ceremony). "Scraping" refers to the drawing back of the right leg as one bows, such that the right foot scrapes the floor or earth. Typically, while executing such a bow, the man's left hand is pressed horizontally across the abdomen while the right is held out from the body. Social bowing is all but extinct, except in some very formal settings, though hand-kissing of women by men, which of necessity includes a bow, lingers on in some cultures.
In the English courts other lawyers and clerks (of both sexes) are expected to perform a cursory bow of the head only to the judge when entering or leaving a law court that is in session. Similar gestures are made to the Speaker of the House of Commons when entering or leaving the chamber of the House of Commons in session, and to the monarch by her staff.

Reverência na Europa

Nas culturas europeias — além das reverências de agradecimento dos artistas de artes cênicas feitas na chamada ao palco — as reverências são exclusivas dos homens, enquanto as mulheres fazem um gesto semelhante mas menos pronunciado denominado "gesto de cortesia". A inclinação do gesto é um sinal do grau de respeito ou gratidão.